It’s a device we keep in our pocket or handbag and take everywhere we go: the mobile phone. But not too long ago putting a cell phone in our pocket or purse was impossible.

MuMoH has a collection of 1980s and 1990s era mobile phones, and we’ll have information up about them soon. In the meantime, enjoy these vintage commercials when the cell phone was brand new:

Circa 1989:

Circa 1990:

A month ago Digibarn co-founders Allan Lundell and Bruce Damer presented items from their portable computing collection on CNET Live. Watch this fascinating tour in the history of mobility:

We’re very proud to say that MuMoH has these same items in our own physical collection, and we look forward to sharing more details about them with you in the coming days. Please visit the Digibarn Blog when you have a chance, too.

The Palm portable keyboard is a solution designed for Palm Pilot. Simply unfold the keyboard, much like an accordion, and plug it into your Palm for smooth typing on a full-sized keyboard only missing the numerical pad on the right (which is found on most PCs). Closed, it’s 3.6x 5.1x 0.79 inches and opened up it’s 13.8x 5.1x 0.3 inches. It weighs only 7.9 ounces and its US list price is $99.

The Palm portable keyboard (manufactured by Think Outside) arrives with a fully padded zippered case and comes with a built in docking station that requires no batteries or power supply since it draws minimal power from your Palm. A recessed connector for the Palm folds neatly underneath the keyboard.
A key setback for the keyboard is that it absolutely requires a flat surface to use. It is virtually impossible to use in your lap. Also, the keys are a bit more cramped in the portable keyboard as opposed to the average PC.
The keyboard comes with an application that acts as a driver and makes the keyboard work exactly the way the user wants. When the Palm is plugged in, the user can immediately begin typing. When the user removes it and plugs something else in, the keyboard driver doesn’t interfere.

The Palm portable keyboard is designed for people who use their Palm like they use a laptop. Paired with the fact that users are pretty much assured that it will continue to be useful for several future generations of Palm handhelds, stands to make the Palm portable keyboard a great purchase.

The MuMoH physical collection includes a functioning keyboard, serial no. P10713U.

References:
http://www.pdacortex.com/palm_portable_keyboard_review.htm
http://www.palminfocenter.com/news/2009/review-palm-portable-keyboard-for-m500-series/
http://www.dansdata.com/portkey.htm

The Pilot 5000 was the second model of the first generation of PDA’s manufactured by Palm Computing (then known as US Robotics). Debuting in March 1996, the Pilot emerged in a market with only one major competitor: the Apple Newton, another organizer you’ll find in the Museum of Mobility.

The Pilot’s small size (shirt-pocket ready), was definitely an advantage over Apple Newton, which operated very similarly and had almost the exact same screen as the 5000 model.

The Pilot functioned with similar computing power to a Macintosh SE, boasing 512KB of RAM, nearly five times as much data capability as the original Pilot 1000 model. Later Palm Computing sold a 1 MB upgrade card to increase the memory capacity even further.

This was also the first PDA handheld to distinguish itself with the ability to synchronize with Windows 95, 3.1 or Macintosh desktop PCs.

Its Palm OS 1 operating system enabled low-cost, low-power integration with desktops through. While this device had no infrared port, backlight or flash memory, the Pilot’s software could synchronize its information with most standard PCs, allowing users to work with and share information from other application programs on their computer through their handheld.

Synchronizing a Pilot 5000 PDA with a PC allowed users to enter text from their full-sized keyboards and view the Pilot applications in wide screen on their monitors. The syncing software could also support several users on one PC, so one person could handle scheduling and updating for others, making the Pilot a great small business tool.

To input information, consumers used a stylus or popular Graffiti Text Entry Software created by Palm, which allowed the entry of 30 words per minute at 100 percent accuracy. Most information could be accessed with a single touch, as applications had near-instant response times.

The Pilot came in a plastic case of various colors, had an LCD tactile panel and 160 x 160 mm graphic display and operated with two AAA batteries, running simple-to-use applications in black and white. Pre-loaded with telephone directory, to-do list, memo, calculator and multi-app search functions, the Pilot was also compatible with many other popular applications, such as Ascend, DataSync, Lotus Organizer and Microsoft Schedule +.

The MuMoH physical collection includes the Palm Pilot and original leather case.

References:
http://www.obsoletecomputermuseum.org/usrpilot5000/
http://cdecas.free.fr/computers/pocket/pilot.php
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_(PDA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_1000
http://www.palminfocenter.com/news/8493/pilot-1000-retrospective

The Palm is a personal digital assistant (PDA) which runs on the Palm Operating System (OS) as well as Windows Mobile platform. The Pilot is the first generation of PDAs manufactured by Palm. The original Palm Pilot was announced in January and released in late March, 1996. The first Palms, the Pilot 1000 and Pilot 5000, had no infrared port, backlight, or flash memory, but did have a serial communications port. Their RAM size was 128kB and 512kB and they used version 1 of the Palm OS.

The inventors of the Pilot were Jeff Hawkins, Donna Dubinsky and Ed Colligan, who also founded Palm Computing. The original idea behind Palm Computing was to create handwriting recognition programs, but after further research, the trio landed the idea to create better hardware that would eventually lead to the Palm. Rumor has it that Hawkins carried a block the wood, the size of the future pilot, in his pocket for a week in order to test and gauge the feel of the device

Numerous applications were developed for the later Palm Pilots. AstroPilot, for example, was a commercial package that contains a large electronic reference book containing detailed information about the 1,000 brightest stars, 12 pre-made star charts and 175 web links to astronomy related web pages.

The Palm is noted for doing significantly better than its competitor predecessors and was hailed for its ability to store personal information like addresses and phone numbers, take notes, and track appointments. The Palm devices are now smartphones which run the Palm OS as well as the Windows Mobile platform. Popular models today include the Treo and Centro.

The MuMoH physical collection includes an early version of the Palm Pilot.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_(PDA)
http://www.portents.com/marek/pilot/
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11945300/

Metricom’s Ricochet modem was slated as the first device to offer a high-speed mobile internet connection. This modem worked with laptops and desktops to offer connection speeds of up to 128 KBs per second [!!], producing a connection that was 10 times faster than normal wireless speeds and twice as fast as a normal wired modem at the time it was manufactured. Released in 2000, the Ricochet used radio frequency technology, operating in the 902-928 MHZ range (allowing it to function like a small radio), hopping frequencies with spread-spectrum technology.

The Ricochet modem would transmit data to larger radios that parent-company Metricom had placed in strategic locations in certain cities around the U.S (think lampposts). At least one of the shoe-box sized radios in a 10-mile radius was associated with a T1 or T3 landline, which allowed for the high-speed connection through the device. The Ricochet searched for the nearest available radio, which would transmit the appropriate data to the nearest radio that was connected to a landline.

Why was it better than other wireless modems?

1. This technology would ensure that a user stayed connected no matter what if they were working from a covered service area.
2. The high speed of this technology was a great improvement. Comparable to dual channel ISDN speed in many of the covered cities, this modem provided fast downloading speed to most users.
3. The ‘hopping’ technology also allowed for increased security–it’s a little hard to hack into a system that is changing from frequency to frequency, radio to radio.
4. The cost of this unit (around $100) and the monthly service charge (about $75) was a great deal. The monthly charge covered unlimited usage, which saved users major dough.

Prior to the development of this technology, wireless data could cost up to $25 per MB for downloads at around 10 kbps. Metricom, however, was offering unlimited wireless access at $29.95 (for 28.8 kbps) monthly prior to their new service.

The modem’s power source was a 7.6 VDC, lithium-ion replaceable and rechargeable battery that had up to six hours of juice to keep it going, and it connected to a users PC or laptop through a USB or serial port.

The Ricochet was compatible with Windows 98/2000, Pentium II, MAC 9.0 and PowerPC G3 and G4 and was available in over 35 cities nationwide. Higher speeds were available in hubs like Atlanta, Dallas, Philadelphia and San Francisco, while slower speeds were available in Seattle and Manhattan.

About the size of a small notebook, the Ricochet has a small antenna to pick up the radio signals, weighing in at about 10 ounces.

After going out of business in 2001, the media weighed in on the demise of Ricochet. Some reporters argued that $80 a month for service was outlandish, while others explained that the customer service was poor and that the business model just didn’t work.

References:
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/upgrade/1278231.html
http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000025.html
http://www.linux.com/feature/15122

The Apple Newton is one of the first lines of personal digital assistants (PDA) developed and marketed by Apple from 1993 to 1998. Designed as an all-in-one business tool, the original Newton was based on the ARM 610 RISC processor, which has many power saving features and became the dominant processor in the mobile electronics market, where saving battery is an important consideration in design.

The original intent of the Newton project was not to produce a PDA, but to reinvent personal computing. The term “personal digital assistant” was coined by former Apple CEO John Sculley in the late stages of the Apple Newton’s development.

Apple’s official name for the device was “MessagePad,” but Newton was the name of the device’s operating system, and quickly became the popular term for the device and its software. Apple also embraced the name as it is an allusion to Isaac Newton’s apple and fit nicely into their branding efforts.

The Newton allowed users to type in notes, capture calendar data, create an address book and included handwriting recognition software. Users could also check the time in several time zones, calculate and check messages.

The Newton failed to make a big splash in the marketplace during its five-year lifespan. Its high price, large size and short battery lifetime contributed to its discontinuation in 1998.

A special accessory to the Apple Newton was the fax modem specifically designed to meet the needs of the Newton. It used a short serial cable powered by two AA batteries.

The Newton is still used to this day by Disneyland cast members as a survey taking device, was satirized in the popular TV cartoon The Simpsons.

The MuMoH physical collection includes an early Apple Newton, serial number unknown.

References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Newton
http://www.everymac.com/systems/apple/messagepad/stats/newton_mp_omp.html
http://www.aviators.com/newton/

So, we’re spending a relaxing weekend at the beach. I’m working of course, using the hotel’s Wi-Fi connection (that’s how I relax) and my family is enjoying the sunset from the hotel balcony. My kids are listening to tunes from my iPod. Sheryl Crow’s Lifetimes comes on and my daughters both agree, Sheryl Crow is great. So I switch the iPod from playlist to artist mode, and they listen to a bunch of Sheryl Crow songs. All I Wanna Do comes on and they start to dance, telling me how much they love that song.

I love that song, too. I recall the album and the video very well and start trying to place it in time from memory. “It can’t be!” I exclaim to myself. So I Google it (free hotel Wi-Fi rocks!) and it can be. That song came out in 1994.

Whenever I encounter a moment like that, when something that feels like it should have happened just yesterday turns out happened more than a decade ago, I start to wax nostalgic about how the world has changed. This is one of those times.

Today I can get virtually any data I want delivered to my laptop virtually anyplace I am. If I’m sitting at a hotel, I can download and play almost any song ever recorded and pop it into a playlist on my iPod. I can tell my friends about the cool new song I just downloaded using email or instant messaging. And if I want to learn more about the artist, I just Google her. That’s today, in a world being blanketed by 3G and Wi-Fi high speed wireless Internet connections, municipal mesh networks and nearly ubiquitous commercial hotspots, like the one at my hotel. But that’s today.

In 1994 I was listening to music on CDs that I had to buy from a store. If I wanted to create my own playlist, I had to use cassette tapes. In 1994 I had an application called cc:Mail that allowed me to send text-based notes to colleagues (who worked for the same company I did and were inside the same building I was – it wasn’t exactly e-mail). If I wanted to look something up, I had to use something called an “encyclopedia” – a set of leather bound books which alphabetically presented you roughly 10 percent of the world’s important facts. Although my father used to sell these books door-to-door, the closest one to my home was at the public library. In short, I never looked anything up.

1994 was the dark ages.

But I remember something else from 1994: it was the year Metricom activated its first municipal wireless data network in Cupertino, California.

I wasn’t an executive back then, just a mere worker bee. So I could only admire the big boys with their fancy toys and imagine “someday, that’s going to be me.” Toys like the IBM ThinkPad 750 (which came with a built in CD ROM! No, you couldn’t record music on it, but it made installing software SO much easier) and 120 megs of RAM (which was a lot back then, trust me). There was still no email, but if there were, you could now use your notebook computer to send and receive messages using Metricom’s Ricochet MicroCellular Data Network, the first-ever muni wireless network!

It wasn’t cheap. Today Wi-Fi modems are built into notebook computers as a standard feature off the assembly line and you can get free Wi-Fi access in lots of locations, like my hotel for instance. And Wi-Fi can be as fast as 54 Megabits per second (but it’s probably likely that behind the access point is only a 1.5 Mbps DSL line).

But in 1994, there weren’t even that many notebook computers. That was the first year Apple sold the Powerbook. And modems of any kind weren’t a standard feature. If you wanted to connect even over a dial-up connection, you had to insert a card.

But still, the notebook held out the promise of mobility, and in 1994, Metricom wanted to help deliver that promise with a cellular-based data network for portable computers. First, you needed a modem. Metricom sold theirs at a discount to subscribers for the low low price of $495. If you recall cell phones of twelve years ago, they weren’t exactly the tiny palm sized devices we have today. They were big and had thick antennas, and so did the Ricochet modem.

But the modem could attach to the laptop, so it wasn’t that big of a deal. What’s more, it was so obvious you were using a wireless data network, that having that big, clunky box with the thick antenna sticking up actually made you look cool! Remember, only executives and rich people had wireless Internet.

Once you plunked down five bills for a modem, and a sixth one for service activation you had to select a service level. In 1994, there were four:

“Economy” – 2.4 kbps for $2.95 per month; “Standard” – 9.6 kbps for $9.95 per month; “Executive” – 19.2 kbps for $19.95 per month; and “Premier” – Unrestricted bandwidth for $29.95 a month (wonder how fast unrestricted was?).

Okay, let’s stop for a moment for a quick math lesson. 2.4 kbps? Let’s say it’s 1994 and you want to download the MP3 of that hot hit song, All I Wanna Do by Sheryl Crow, over your Ricochet network. The file is about four megabytes. A byte is eight bits. Your Ricochet connection can download 2.4 kilobits per second. How long will it take you to download the MP3 of All I Wanna Do to your computer?

It’s a trick question. There were no MP3s in 1994. But if there were, it would have taken you approximately 3 hours and 42 minutes to download one song. By comparison, if you were staying at the same hotel I am on the Oregon coast, you can download that song in about 35 seconds.

Fortunately, there were no great bandwidth demands in 1994 as there are now in 2006. No one was downloading music. You probably didn’t have email as we know it today, and if you did, probably no one else to whom you wanted to send an email had an account anyway. There was no Yahoo!, no Google, no MySpace, no Amazon.com. There was no World Wide Web (although in 1994 a fellow by the name of Marc Andreesen of a little-known company called Netscape predicted the World Wide Web would become a commercial success). In fact, I’m not sure what you could use the 2.4 kbps connection for in 1994.

Even so, here is how Metricom described itself in that June 1994 press release announcing the Cupertino network:

“Founded in 1985, Metricom is a leader in digital, wireless data communications networking technology. The firm, headquartered in Los Gatos, Calif., has developed a license-free, high performance, low-cost regional data communications network system that can be used in a broad range of personal computer and industrial applications.”

Industrial applications?

Metricom promised 30 regional networks by the end of 1996.

In 1997, by the time I had reached a certain professional status whereby I was issued a notebook, we were light years ahead of where the world was in 1994. I had email accounts at work and at home and there was a commercial World Wide Web (still no Google yet). And it was in a meeting in 1997 where I learned the great value of wireless Internet.

On one end of the table was the CTO of the company I worked for, on the other end his director of network architecture – the only two people at this company to have the Ricochet wireless Internet service. In between were two industry analysts who sat opposite me. Every so often during this meeting either the CTO or his director would tap on the keyboard and the other one would smirk. You see, by 1997, we also had instant messaging. But that will be the subject of another post.

Reposted with permission © 2006 Mobility Public Relations